Dizziness may have a number of potential causes. These may include:

Vertigo
Vertigo — the false sense of motion or spinning — is the most common symptom of dizziness. Sitting up or moving around may make it worse. Sometimes vertigo is severe enough to cause nausea and vomiting.

Vertigo usually results from a problem with the nerves and the structures of the balance mechanism in your inner ear (vestibular system), which sense movement and changes in your head position. Abnormal rhythmic eye movements (nystagmus) almost always accompany vertigo. Causes of vertigo may include:

• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). BPPV involves intense, brief episodes of dizziness associated with a change in the position of your head, often when you turn over in bed or sit up in the morning. It occurs when particles of calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) break loose and fall into the wrong part of the canals in your inner ear. When these particles shift, they stimulate sensors in your ear, producing an episode of vertigo. Doctors don't know what causes BPPV, but it may be a natural result of aging. Trauma to your head also may lead to BPPV.
• Inflammation in the inner ear (acute vestibular neuronitis or labyrinthitis). Signs and symptoms of inflammation of the inner ear include sudden, intense vertigo that may persist for several days, with nausea and vomiting. It can be incapacitating, requiring bed rest to minimize the signs and symptoms. Fortunately, vestibular neuronitis generally subsides and clears up on its own. Although the cause of this condition is unknown, it may be a viral infection.
• Meniere's disease. This disease involves the excessive buildup of fluid in your inner ear. It may affect adults at any age and is characterized by sudden episodes of vertigo lasting 30 minutes to an hour or longer. Other symptoms include the feeling of fullness in your ear, buzzing or ringing in your ear (tinnitus), and fluctuating hearing loss. The cause of Meniere's disease is unknown.
• Vestibular migraine. The cause of vertigo may be a migraine. People who experience a vestibular migraine are very sensitive to motion. Dizziness and vertigo caused by a vestibular migraine may be triggered by turning your head quickly, being in a crowded or confusing place, driving or riding in a vehicle, or even watching movement on TV. A vestibular migraine also may cause feelings of imbalance or unsteadiness, hearing loss, "muffled" hearing, or ringing in your ears (tinnitus). For most people with a vestibular migraine, vertigo doesn't happen at the same time as the headache. In fact, migraine-associated vertigo may occur without an actual migraine. Attacks of migrainous vertigo can last from a few minutes to several days.
• Acoustic neuroma. An acoustic neuroma is a noncancerous (benign) growth on the acoustic nerve, which connects the inner ear to your brain. Symptoms of an acoustic neuroma may include dizziness, loss of balance, hearing loss and tinnitus.

• Be aware of the possibility of losing your balance, which can lead to falling and serious injury.
• Sit or lie down immediately when you feel dizzy.
• Avoid driving a car or operating heavy machinery if you experience frequent episodes of BPPV.
• Avoid sleeping on the side of your affected ear.
• When getting out of bed, do so slowly. Sit on the edge of the bed for a minute.
• Avoid bending down to pick something up. Don't extend your head back, such as when getting something from an upper cabinet.
• Be careful when getting up from lying back at the dentist's office, beauty parlor or barbershop, or during activities such as yoga or massage.
• Use two or more pillows at night to avoid lying completely flat.
• Use good lighting if you get up in the night.
• Walk with a cane for stability.
• Avoid using caffeine, alcohol and tobacco. Excessive use of these substances can constrict your blood vessels and worsen your symptoms"

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