The reason that the anesthetic did not work was that your fear caused an increase in adrenaline which over-rode the anesthetic which tries to block pain signals. On your next visit you should use diazepam 5 or 10mg one hour before your appointment to reduce the fear aspect. Your GP can give you a prescription for few tablets to cover your visits.
Once you discover that the anesthetic works then you will feel better about the dentist.
I think it is unlikely that you have suddenly developed TMJ, but it is possible that the infection has spread and needs a longer course of antibiotics or a different type. What antibiotic did you use?
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