Spacial disorientation is caused by the fluid in the inner ear whether it is from spinning or suttle movements of the head during acceleration either in a car or in a plane.
Pilots frequently experience a spinning or vertigo sensation from rapid acceleration, as do race car drivers.
What happens physiologically, is that as you move forward at a fast pace, the fluid in your inner ear is pressed rearward and moves across the inner cilliary hairs of your inner ear which causes a spacial disorientation that is experienced as vertigo or spinning.
Your eyes come into play, because they are feeding your brain information about your position in relation to the ground around you. Your body is taking cues form the trees, poles, and other ground objects surrounding you in the direct line of vision and the periphery.
Your brain is saying one thing, but your inner ear is saying another.
Boxers also have a similar sensation, al beit caused by the forward and backward momentum of the head during a boxing bout. their condition is exacerbated by other actions of the brain and the cranial space. But the focus of the eyes and movement of the fluid in the inner ear canal is the same.
The whole experience involves the visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. These sensory systems give the brain erroneous orientation information. This information can cause sensory illusions, which lead to spatial disorientation.
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Edward M. Johnson