There are several condition which I would think of in this situation; alzheimers disease, hypothyroidism, depression, low pressure hydrocephalus, chronic subdural hematoma
Alzheimers disease is a progressive form of dementia - which often starts with short-term memory loss. There is no known cure - however there are medications which may help to mitigate some of the symptoms and precent a decline in function
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) can cause a multitude of symptoms including memory problems, fatigue and lethargy. It is easily screened for with a simple blood test (TSH) and can be easily treated if diagnosed with replacement thyroid hormone.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000353.htm
Depression - often missed in older individuals since physicians and families often blame mental changes on "age".
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001521.htm
Normal pressure hydrocephalus - is a condition in which there is an accumulation of CSF fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) in the ventricles of the brain causing them to enlarge. This is associated with 3 symptoms: difficulty walking, cementia or forgetfulness and jrinary incontinence (bladder control problems)
http://www.lifenph.com/default.htm
Chronic subdural hematoma - a collection of blood under one of the linings of the brain - often caused by head trauma
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000781.htm
I would talk with his doctor about getting a CT scan or MRI of the brain, get some screening labs including a blood count, TSH (for thyroid), Vitamin B12 level to start.
As for the pain - I would suggest that he see an orthopedic surgeon if he continues to have the pain - since chronic pain can cause or contribute to depression. A complete orthopedic evaluation - and possibly a pain management clinic evaluation.
Antidepressants may help - since they also often have beneficial effects in chronic pain
I hope this information was helpful to you.
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