Sounds as though your are getting broken blood vessels. There is no way to prevent them or to get them to heal quicker. If you are vomiting frequently, then you would mainly need to find the cause for vomiting. You could try to apply a cold compact to the area, but you just need to wait for them heal which generally takes a few days to do.

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You just haven't ran into anyone else. There are several people that this occurs too. Some are more sensitive than others. Just as when some have a baby and they push to have the baby, they will break blood vessels as well. As far as vomiting blood it could be that you have a tear in the blood vessel of the throat or esophagus. Some can heal on their own. Some can get infected and not heal as well. I would suggest seeing your doctor though for further evaluation. Actually a Gastroenterologist would be the best doctor to see for that.